Creating a reference proxy

Sometimes it is necessary to create a proxy class that represents a reference to a given object. Examples of these are GIL’s reference to a planar pixel (planar_pixel_reference) and GIL’s sub-byte channel references. Writing a reference proxy class can be tricky. One problem is that the proxy reference is constructed as a temporary object and returned by value upon dereferencing the iterator:

struct rgb_planar_pixel_iterator
{
 typedef my_reference_proxy<T> reference;
 reference operator*() const { return reference(red,green,blue); }
};

The problem arises when an iterator is dereferenced directly into a function that takes a mutable pixel:

template <typename Pixel>    // Models MutablePixelConcept
void invert_pixel(Pixel& p);

rgb_planar_pixel_iterator myIt;
invert_pixel(*myIt);        // compile error!

C++ does not allow for matching a temporary object against a non-constant reference. The solution is to:

• Use const qualifier on all members of the reference proxy object:

template <typename T>
struct my_reference_proxy
{
  const my_reference_proxy& operator=(const my_reference_proxy& p) const;
  const my_reference_proxy* operator->() const { return this; }
  ...
};

• Use different classes to denote mutable and constant reference (maybe based on the constness of the template parameter)
• Define the reference type of your iterator with const qualifier:

struct iterator_traits<rgb_planar_pixel_iterator>
{
  typedef const my_reference_proxy<T> reference;
};

A second important issue is providing an overload for swap for your reference class. The default std::swap will not work correctly. You must use a real value type as the temporary. A further complication is that in some implementations of the STL the swap function is incorrectly called qualified, as std::swap. The only way for these STL algorithms to use your overload is if you define it in the std namespace:

namespace std
{
 template <typename T>
 void swap(my_reference_proxy<T>& x, my_reference_proxy<T>& y)
 {
    my_value<T> tmp=x;
    x=y;
    y=tmp;
 }
}

Lastly, remember that constructors and copy-constructors of proxy references are always shallow and assignment operators are deep.

We are grateful to Dave Abrahams, Sean Parent and Alex Stepanov for suggesting the above solution.