////
Copyright 2019 Glen Joseph Fernandes
(glenjofe@gmail.com)

Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
(http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
////

# Quoted Manipulators, <boost/io/quoted.hpp>
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## Introduction

C++ Standard library stream I/O for strings that contain embedded spaces can
produce unexpected results. For example,

```
std::stringstream ss;
std::string original = "fooled you";
std::string roundtrip;

ss << original;
ss >> roundtrip;

std::cout << original;   // outputs: fooled you
std::cout << roundtrip; // outputs: fooled

assert(original == roundtrip); // assert will fire
```

The Boost quoted stream I/O manipulator places delimiters, defaulted to the
double-quote ("), around strings on output, and strips off the delimiters on
input. This ensures strings with embedded spaces round-trip as desired. For
example,

```
std::stringstream ss;
std::string original = "fooled you";
std::string roundtrip;

ss << quoted(original);
ss >> quoted(roundtrip);

std::cout << quoted(original); // outputs: "fooled you"
std::cout << roundtrip;       // outputs: fooled you

assert(original == roundtrip); // assert will not fire
```

If the string contains the delimiter character, on output that character will
be preceded by an escape character, as will the escape character itself:

```
std::cout << quoted("'Jack & Jill'", '&', '\''); // outputs: '&'Jack && Jill&''
```

## Header synopsis

[subs=+quotes]
```
namespace boost {
namespace io {

template<class Char, class Traits, class Alloc>
`unspecified-type1`
quoted(const std::basic_string<Char, Traits, Alloc>& string,
       Char escape='\\', Char delim='\"');

template<class Char>
`unspecified-type2`
quoted(const Char* string, Char escape='\\', Char delim='\"');

template<class Char, class Traits, class Alloc>
`unspecified-type3`
quoted(std::basic_string<Char, Traits, Alloc>& string,
       Char escape='\\', Char delim='\"');

} // io
} // boost
```

*unspecified-type1*, *unspecified-type2*, and *unspecified-type3* are
implementation supplied types with implementation supplied `operator<<`:

[subs=+quotes]
```
template<class Char, class Traits>
std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>&
operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os,
           const `unspecified-typeN`& proxy);
```

Effects:: Inserts characters into `os`:
* `delim`
* Each character in `string`. If the character to be output is equal to
`escape` or `delim`, as determined by `operator==`, first output `escape`.
* `delim`
Remarks:: `string`, `escape`, and `delim` have the type and value of the
corresponding arguments of the call to the `quoted` function that constructed
`proxy`.
Returns:: `os`.

*unspecified-type3* is an implementation supplied type with an implementation
supplied `operator>>`:

[subs=+quotes]
```
template<class Char, class Traits>
std::basic_istream<Char, Traits>&
operator>>(std::basic_istream<Char, Traits>& is,
           const `unspecified-type3`& proxy);
```

Effects:: Extracts characters from `os`:
* If the first character extracted is equal to `delim`, as determined by
`operator==`, then:
** Turn off the `skipws` flag.
** `string.clear()`
** Until an unescaped `delim` character is reached or `is.not_good()`, extract
characters from `os` and append them to string, except that if an escape is
reached, ignore it and append the next character to string.
** Discard the final `delim` character.
** Restore the `skipws` flag to its original value.
* Otherwise, `os >> string`.

Remarks:: `string`, `escape`, and `delim` have the type and value of the
corresponding arguments of the call to the `quoted` function that constructed
`proxy`.
Returns:: `is`.

## Acknowledgements

The `quoted()` stream manipulator emerged from discussions on the Boost
developers mailing list. Participants included Beman Dawes, Rob Stewart,
Alexander Lamaison, Eric Niebler, Vicente Botet, Andrey Semashev,
Phil Richards, and Rob Murray. Eric Niebler's suggestions provided the basis
for the name and form of the templates.

Beman Dawes started the implementation of `quoted()` as a private detail
header. Glen Fernandes updated the implementation and also made it public.

Glen Fernandes corrected the implementation to properly account for stream
width and fill, and optimized it to write directly to the stream buffer.