[/
  Copyright 2015-2020 Peter Dimov

  Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.

  See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
  http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
]

[article Boostdep
  [quickbook 1.6]
  [id boostdep]
  [copyright 2014-2020 Peter Dimov]
  [license Distributed under the
    [@http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt Boost Software License, Version 1.0].
  ]
]

[template simplesect[title]
[block '''<simplesect><title>'''[title]'''</title>''']]

[template endsimplesect[]
[block '''</simplesect>''']]

[section Introduction]

/Boostdep/ is a tool for generating Boost dependency reports. It scans
the header or source files of the Boost libraries for `#include`
directives, builds a dependency graph from this information and outputs
its findings in plain text or HTML.

[section Modular Boost]

/Boostdep/ requires the so-called "modular Boost" directory structure.

If you already have a [@https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/wiki/ModularBoost
modular Boost installation], you can skip this section. Otherwise, read on.

Boost libraries reside in subdirectories under the =libs= directory. For
example, the contents of the Boost.Filesystem library are in =libs/filesystem=.
This includes the build scripts (in =libs/filesystem/build=), the source files
(in =libs/filesystem/src=), the tests (in =libs/filesystem/test=), the documentation
(in =libs/filesystem/doc=), and so on.

In the past, when Boost used SVN as its version control system, the header files
were an exception. The header files of all libraries resided in the =boost= subdirectory,
and it wasn't possible to accurately determine which header belonged to which library.

When Boost moved to Git for version control, header files were moved to their corresponding
libraries, into an =include= subdirectory. The header files of Boost.Filesystem are now in
=libs/filesystem/include=.

For compatibility, =boost= is now a "virtual" directory, containing links to the headers.
It's maintained automatically by Boost.Build. (The command =b2 headers= creates or recreates
the contents of the =boost= directory.)

This new structure allows /Boostdep/ to determine that, when faced with an
`#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>` directive, that this header is part of Boost.Filesystem, and
that therefore, the current library being scanned depends on Boost.Filesystem.

Unfortunately, Boost releases do not have this structure. For backward compatibility, they
have an old-style =boost= directory containing all header files, whereas the per-library =include=
subdirectories are missing. Therefore, /Boostdep/ will not work with a downloaded Boost release.

To use /Boostdep/, you will have to clone the Boost Git repository instead. To do that, execute the
following command:

[pre
git clone https://github.com/boostorg/boost.git boost
]

This will download the Boost "superproject" (the master project, without any libraries) and place it
into the subdirectory =boost= of the current directory. To override the directory name, pass it as a
second argument instead of =boost=:

[pre
git clone https://github.com/boostorg/boost.git /mydir/
]

You can now =cd= into the newly created directory with

[pre
cd /mydir/
]

This directory is called the "Boost root". All of the commands below assume that it is the current directory.

The above =git clone= commands download the default branch of the Boost Git repository, which is =master=.
This is the current more-or-less stable version of Boost.

To verify this, issue the command

[pre
git status
]

from the Boost root. This will output

[pre
# On branch master
nothing to commit, working directory clean
]

To download a specific release instead, such as 1.58.0, issue the following command after =git clone=, from
the Boost root:

[pre
git checkout boost-1.58.0
]

=git status= will now say

[pre
# HEAD detached at boost-1.58.0
nothing to commit, working directory clean
]

Then, download all the libraries:

[pre
git submodule update --init
]

This step will take a while.

If all goes well, you will now have the complete contents of Boost's latest =master= branch (if you didn't =checkout=
a specific release by name) or the corresponding Boost release (if you did).

You can switch between the =master= branch, the =develop= (unstable) branch, and a release, by issuing the following
commands:

[:For the =master= branch:]

[pre
git checkout master
git pull
git submodule update --init
]

[:(=git pull= updates your local copy of the =master= branch from the server, in case it has changed since your initial
checkout.)]

[:For the =develop= branch:]

[pre
git checkout develop
git pull
git submodule update --init
]

[:For the =boost-1.58.0= release:]

[pre
git checkout boost-1.58.0
git submodule update --init
]

[:For the =boost-1.57.0= release:]

[pre
git checkout boost-1.57.0
git submodule update --init
]

Note that, while the initial =git submodule update= is quite slow, as it needs to download all the libraries, the
subsequent invocations are a lot faster.

Also note that if a new Boost library (=libs/convert=, for example) is present in, say, =master=, and you have it checked out,
when you later switch to =boost-1.58.0=, where this library doesn't exist, Git will not delete =libs/convert=. In this case,
=git status= will output

[pre
# HEAD detached at boost-1.58.0
# Untracked files:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
#       libs/convert/
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
]

and you will have to remove =libs/convert= by hand.

Once you have the Boost contents which you want to analyze for dependencies, proceed with the next step, building /Boostdep/.

[endsect]

[section Building Boostdep]

To build /Boostdep/, issue the following command from the Boost root:

[pre
b2 tools/boostdep/build
]

This will build /Boostdep/ from source using the default "toolset" (a Boost.Build term meaning "compiler") and if successful,
place it into the =dist/bin= subdirectory. The command assumes that =b2= (the Boost.Build executable) is somewhere in your path.
If you don't have =b2=, execute

[pre
.\bootstrap
]

under Windows or

[pre
./bootstrap.sh
]

under Unix-like systems, which should build =b2= and place it into the current directory. You can then use =./b2= instead of =b2=.

[endsect]

[section Running Boostdep]

Once you have built /Boostdep/, execute it with the following command:

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep
]

or

[pre
dist\bin\boostdep
]

on Windows. The commands below are given as using =dist/bin/boostdep=; if you're using Windows, use =dist\bin\boostdep= instead.

This will print out the following help message:

[pre
Usage:

    boostdep --list-modules
    boostdep --list-buildable
    boostdep \[--track-sources\] \[--track-tests\] --list-dependencies
    boostdep --list-exceptions
    boostdep --list-missing-headers
    boostdep --list-buildable-dependencies

    boostdep \[options\] --module-overview
    boostdep \[options\] --module-levels
    boostdep \[options\] --module-weights

    boostdep \[options\] \[--primary\] <module>
    boostdep \[options\] --secondary <module>
    boostdep \[options\] --reverse <module>
    boostdep \[options\] --subset <module>
    boostdep \[options\] \[--header\] <header>
    boostdep --test <module>
    boostdep --cmake <module>
    boostdep --pkgconfig <module> <version> \[<var>=<value>\] \[<var>=<value>\]...
    boostdep \[options\] --subset-for <directory>

    \[options\]: \[--boost-root <path-to-boost>\]
               \[--\[no-\]track-sources\] \[--\[no-\]track-tests\]
               \[--html-title <title>\] \[--html-footer <footer>\]
               \[--html-stylesheet <stylesheet>\] \[--html-prefix <prefix>\]
               \[--html\]
]

[endsect]

[endsect]

[section Usage]

[section Simple Queries]

To list the dependencies of a specific library, use the command

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep /library/
]

For Boost.Filesystem, for example, type

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep filesystem
]

This will print out something similar to the following:

[pre
Primary dependencies for filesystem:

assert:
    <boost/assert.hpp>
        from <boost/filesystem/operations.hpp>
        from <boost/filesystem/path_traits.hpp>

config:
    <boost/config.hpp>
        from <boost/filesystem/config.hpp>
        from <boost/filesystem/convenience.hpp>
        from <boost/filesystem/fstream.hpp>
        from <boost/filesystem/operations.hpp>
        from <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
        from <boost/filesystem/path_traits.hpp>
    /.../

functional:
    <boost/functional/hash_fwd.hpp>
        from <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>

io:
    <boost/io/detail/quoted_manip.hpp>
        from <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>

iterator:
    <boost/iterator/iterator_facade.hpp>
        from <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
    /.../
]

This lists the immediate dependencies of Boost.Filesystem. =assert:= is the library,
=<boost/assert.hpp>= is the file that is being included, and =from <boost/filesystem/config.hpp>=
shows where =<boost/assert.hpp>= is being included.

/Boostdep/ names libraries (or modules) after their directory name. The =libs/filesystem=
directory, for example, is the =filesystem= module. The =libs/numeric/conversion= directory
is the =numeric~conversion= module, according to the /Boostdep/ naming convention.

The reason forward slashes are replaced with tildes is that =numeric~conversion= is a valid
file name, which makes generating HTML reports a bit easier.

To see where a given header resides and who includes it, type

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep /header/
]

For =boost/filesystem.hpp=, for example, type

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep boost/filesystem.hpp
]

This will print something along the lines of

[pre
Inclusion report for <boost/filesystem.hpp> (in module filesystem):

    from spirit:
        <boost/spirit/home/x3/support/utility/testing.hpp>
]

What this tells you is that =boost/filesystem.hpp= is part of Boost.Filesystem and is only
included once, from =<boost/spirit/home/x3/support/utility/testing.hpp>=. Other headers,
such as =boost/shared_ptr.hpp=, are more widely used, as you can see if you try

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep boost/shared_ptr.hpp
]

To print the reverse dependencies of a library, use

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep --reverse /library/
]

For example,

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep --reverse filesystem
]

will list which libraries depend on Boost.Filesystem:

[pre
Reverse dependencies for filesystem:

graph_parallel:
    <boost/filesystem/operations.hpp>
        from <boost/graph/distributed/adjlist/serialization.hpp>
    <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
        from <boost/graph/distributed/adjlist/serialization.hpp>

log:
    <boost/filesystem/config.hpp>
        from <boost/log/detail/config.hpp>
    <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
        from <boost/log/sinks/event_log_backend.hpp>
        from <boost/log/sinks/text_file_backend.hpp>
        from <boost/log/sinks/text_multifile_backend.hpp>

spirit:
    <boost/filesystem.hpp>
        from <boost/spirit/home/x3/support/utility/testing.hpp>
    <boost/filesystem/fstream.hpp>
        from <boost/spirit/home/x3/support/utility/testing.hpp>
    <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
        from <boost/spirit/home/x3/support/utility/error_reporting.hpp>

wave:
    <boost/filesystem/operations.hpp>
        from <boost/wave/util/cpp_include_paths.hpp>
        from <boost/wave/util/cpp_iterator.hpp>
        from <boost/wave/util/filesystem_compatibility.hpp>
    <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
        from <boost/wave/cpp_context.hpp>
        from <boost/wave/util/cpp_include_paths.hpp>
        from <boost/wave/util/cpp_iterator.hpp>
        from <boost/wave/util/cpp_macromap.hpp>
        from <boost/wave/util/filesystem_compatibility.hpp>
]

[endsect]

[section HTML reports]

The primary purpose of /Boostdep/ is to generate HTML dependency reports. In
the typical case, two types of reports are generated: overviews that contain
information for all modules, and per-module ones that list information for a
specific library.

/Boostdep/ can generate three types of the first kind of report: module overview,
module levels and module weights. To generate a module overview, use the command

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep --html --module-overview > module-overview.html
]

For a module level report, use

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep --html --module-levels > module-levels.html
]

For a module weight report, use

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep --html --module-weights > module-weights.html
]

In these reports, module names such as /module/ are HTML links to [^/module/.html].

To make these links work as expected, you can generate HTML reports for each module
as follows:

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep --html-title "Dependency Report for /module/" --html --primary /module/ --secondary /module/ --reverse /module/ > /module/.html
]

This step can be automated if you generate a module list first with

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep --list-modules > list-modules.txt
]

that will contain one module name per line, and then use a script to issue the previous
command for each module name.

For more information about the /Boostdep/ options and commands, see the [link boostdep.reference Reference] section.

For an example of a report generation script, see the file =tools/boostdep/examples/report.bat=.
This is a Windows batch file, but translating it to a Unix-style shell script should be
straightforward.

For convenience, the contents of =tools/boostdep/examples/report.bat= are given below:

[pre
SET BOOSTDEP=dist\bin\boostdep.exe

FOR /f %%i IN ('git rev-parse HEAD') DO @SET REV=%%i

FOR /f %%i IN ('git rev-parse --short HEAD') DO @SET SHREV=%%i

FOR /f %%i IN ('git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD') DO @SET BRANCH=%%i

SET FOOTER=Generated on %DATE% %TIME% from revision %REV% on branch '%BRANCH%'

SET OUTDIR=..\report-%BRANCH%-%SHREV%

mkdir %OUTDIR%

%BOOSTDEP% --list-modules > %OUTDIR%\list-modules.txt

%BOOSTDEP% --html-footer "%FOOTER%" --html --module-overview > %OUTDIR%\module-overview.html
%BOOSTDEP% --html-footer "%FOOTER%" --html --module-levels > %OUTDIR%\module-levels.html
%BOOSTDEP% --html-footer "%FOOTER%" --html --module-weights > %OUTDIR%\module-weights.html

FOR /f %%i IN (%OUTDIR%\list-modules.txt) DO %BOOSTDEP% --html-title "Dependency Report for %%i" --html-footer "%FOOTER%" --html --primary %%i --secondary %%i --reverse %%i > %OUTDIR%\%%i.html
]

[endsect]

[endsect]

[section Reference]

[section --list-modules]
=boostdep --list-modules= prints the module list. /Boostdep/ considers a
subdirectory of =libs= a module if it contains an =include= subdirectory.

This command is typically used from scripts which then use the list to execute
a command for each module.
[endsect]

[section --list-buildable]
=boostdep --list-buildable= prints a list of the modules that require building.
/Boostdep/ considers a module to require building if it contains subdirectories
named =build= and =src=.

This command is typically used from scripts.

[endsect]

[section --list-dependencies]
=boostdep --list-dependencies= prints a module list in which each line is of the
form

[pre
module -> dependency1 dependency2 /.../
]

By default, only the =include= directory is scanned for `#include` directives. If
the option =--track-sources= is given, the =src= directory is also scanned. If
the option =--track-tests= is given, the =test= directory is also scanned.

This command is typically used from scripts. The output is virtually identical to
=--module-overview= in plain text, but slightly more machine-friendly.
[endsect]

[section --list-exceptions]
=boostdep --list-exceptions= prints a list of the headers that are not contained into
the include directory ot their corresponding module.

[endsect]

[section --list-missing-headers]
=boostdep --list-missing-headers= prints a list of the headers that are included by
another header, but are missing.

[endsect]

[section --list-buildable-dependencies]
=boostdep --list-buildable-dependencies= prints a list of the dependencies of the buildable
libraries, in the form

[pre
module = dependency1 dependency2 /.../ ;
]

This is valid Boost.Build syntax, so the output can be used as a Boost.Build module. All
header-only libraries are considered one library named =headers=.

[endsect]

[section --module-overview]
=boostdep --module-overview= generates a module overview, in plain text or HTML. The
plain text output is of the form

[pre
Module Overview:

accumulators -> array assert circular_buffer concept_check config core fusion iterator mpl numeric~conversion numeric~ublas parameter preprocessor range static_assert throw_exception tuple type_traits typeof
algorithm -> array assert bind concept_check config core exception function iterator mpl range regex static_assert tuple type_traits unordered
align -> assert config core static_assert throw_exception
]

whereas the HTML output is similar to

[:
*Module Overview*

[*/accumulators/]

\u21E2 array assert circular_buffer concept_check config core fusion iterator mpl numeric~conversion numeric~ublas parameter preprocessor range static_assert throw_exception tuple type_traits typeof
]

where /accumulators/ is a link to =accumulators.html=.

As before, if =--track-sources= is given, the =src= subdirectory is scanned for `#include` directives.

HTML output is enabled by the =--html= option. The =--html-title= and =--html-footer= options set the HTML =<title>=
and the page footer and need to precede =--html=, like in the following example:

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep --html-title "Module Overview" --html-footer "Generated on 21.05.2015 20:53:11" --html --module-overview > module-overview.html
]

[endsect]

[section --module-levels]

=boostdep --module-levels= generates a report that groups modules by level. Levels are determined in such
a way so that a module of level =N= never depends on modules of levels greater than =N=, and in the absence
of cyclic dependencies, doesn't depend on other modules of level =N=. It takes the same options as
=--module-overview=.

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep --html-title "Module Levels" --html-footer "Generated on 21.05.2015 20:53:11" --html --module-levels > module-levels.html
]

[endsect]

[section --module-weights]

=boostdep --module-weights= generates a report that lists modules by weight. A module weight is the total number of
its dependencies. This includes the indirect dependencies.

=--module-weights= takes the same options as =--module-overview=.

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep --html-title "Module Weights" --html-footer "Generated on 21.05.2015 20:53:11" --html --module-weights > module-weights.html
]

[endsect]

[section --primary]

[^boostdep --primary /module/] lists the primary (direct) dependencies of /module/. It takes the same options as =--module-overview=.

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep --html-title "Primary Dependencies of filesystem" --html-footer "Generated on 21.05.2015 20:53:11" --html --primary filesystem > filesystem-primary.html
]

[endsect]

[section --secondary]

[^boostdep --secondary /module/] lists the secondary (indirect) dependencies of /module/. It takes the same options as =--module-overview=.

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep --html-title "Secondary Dependencies of filesystem" --html-footer "Generated on 21.05.2015 20:53:11" --html --secondary filesystem > filesystem-secondary.html
]

You can combine =--primary= and =--secondary= in one invocation.

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep --html-title "Dependencies of filesystem" --html-footer "Generated on 21.05.2015 20:53:11" --html --primary filesystem --secondary filesystem > filesystem.html
]

[endsect]

[section --reverse]

[^boostdep --reverse /module/] lists the reverse dependencies of /module/, that is, it lists which modules depend on /module/. It takes the same options as =--module-overview=.

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep --html-title "Reverse Dependencies of filesystem" --html-footer "Generated on 21.05.2015 20:53:11" --html --reverse filesystem > filesystem-reverse.html
]

You can combine =--reverse= with =--primary= and =--secondary= for a complete module report.

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep --html-title "Dependency Report for filesystem" --html-footer "Generated on 21.05.2015 20:53:11" --html --primary filesystem --secondary filesystem --reverse filesystem > filesystem.html
]

[endsect]

[section --subset]

[^boostdep --subset /module/] lists the subset dependencies of /module/, that is, it lists which modules comprise the subset which /module/ requires in order to be usable.
The dependencies are determined by tracing the =#include= directives starting from /module/'s headers.

The difference between using the modules reported by =--subset= and those reported by the sum of =--primary= and =--secondary= is that the former only guarantees
that /module/ will be usable, whereas the latter guarantees it for every module in the subset.

=--subset= takes the same options as =--module-overview=.

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep --html-title "Subset Dependencies of filesystem" --html-footer "Generated on 21.05.2015 20:53:11" --html --subset filesystem > filesystem-subset.html
]

You can combine =--subset= with the other module report options.

[endsect]

[section --header]

[^boostdep --header /header/] creates an inclusion report for /header/. It takes the same options as =--module-overview=.

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep --html-title "Inclusion Report for <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>" --html-footer "Generated on 21.05.2015 20:53:11" --html --header boost/shared_ptr.hpp > header-boost-shared_ptr.html
]

[endsect]

[section --test]

[^boostdep --test /module/] lists the test dependencies of /module/, that is, it lists which modules need to be present so that the tests of /module/ can be run.

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep --test filesystem
]

[endsect]

[section --cmake]

[^boostdep --cmake /module/] generates a =CMakeLists.txt= file for /module/.

[endsect]

[section --pkgconfig]

[^boostdep --pkgconfig /module/ /version/ /var/=/value/...] outputs a =pkg-config= =.pc= file for /module/.

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep --pkgconfig system 1.65.0 prefix=/usr/local includedir=${prefix}/include libdir=${prefix}/lib
]

[endsect]

[section --subset-for]

[^boostdep --subset-for /directory/] scans /directory/ for `#include` directives and lists which Boost modules are reachable through these `#include`s.

Its use is in determining what subset of Boost is needed by a user application or library.

[pre
dist/bin/boostdep --subset-for d:\my_app
]

[endsect]

[section --boost-root]

[^--boost-root /path-to-boost/] instructs /Boostdep/ to look for the Boost root directory at /path-to-boost/. If this option
is not given, the current directory and its parents are searched for the presence of a file named =Jamroot=. If one is found,
that directory is assumed to be the root. If not, the environment variable =BOOST_ROOT= is assumed to contain the path to the
Boost root.

[endsect]

[section --track-sources]

The =--track-sources= option instructs /Boostdep/ to scan the =src= library subdirectory for `#include` directives. By default,
only the =include= subdirectory is scanned.

[endsect]

[section --track-tests]

The =--track-tests= option instructs /Boostdep/ to scan the =test= library subdirectory for `#include` directives. By default,
only the =include= subdirectory is scanned.

[endsect]

[section --html-title]

[^--html-title /title/] sets the contents of the HTML =<title>= tag. It must precede =--html= to have an effect.

[endsect]

[section --html-footer]

[^--html-footer /footer/] sets the HTML page footer text. It has no effect if =--html= is not given.

[endsect]

[section --html-stylesheet]

[^--html-stylesheet /stylesheet/] sets the HTML stylesheet URL. It has no effect if =--html= is not given.

[endsect]

[section --html-prefix]

[^--html-prefix /prefix/] sets the HTML prefix; the prefix is output immediately after the `<body>` tag. It has no effect if =--html= is not given.

[endsect]

[section --html]

=--html= switches to HTML output mode (the default is plain text). It must precede the commands that generate output.

[endsect]

[endsect]