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Backend Requirements

The requirements on the Backend template argument to number are split up into sections: compulsory and optional.

Compulsory requirements have no default implementation in the library, therefore if the feature they implement is to be supported at all, then they must be implemented by the backend.

Optional requirements have default implementations that are called if the backend doesn't provide its own. Typically the backend will implement these to improve performance.

In the following tables, type B is the Backend template argument to number, b and b2 are a variables of type B, pb is a variable of type B*, cb, cb2 and cb3 are constant variables of type const B, rb is a variable of type B&&, a and a2 are variables of Arithmetic type, s is a variable of type const char*, ui is a variable of type unsigned, bb is a variable of type bool, pa is a variable of type pointer-to-arithmetic-type, exp is a variable of type B::exp_type, pexp is a variable of type B::exp_type*, i is a variable of type int, pi pointer to a variable of type int, B2 is another type that meets these requirements, b2 is a variable of type B2, ss is variable of type std::streamsize and ff is a variable of type std::ios_base::fmtflags.

Table 1.8. Compulsory Requirements on the Backend type.

Expression

Return Type

Comments

Throws

B::signed_types

mpl::list<type-list>

A list of signed integral types that can be assigned to type B. The types shall be listed in order of size, smallest first, and shall terminate in the type that is std::intmax_t.

 

B::unsigned_types

mpl::list<type-list>

A list of unsigned integral types that can be assigned to type B. The types shall be listed in order of size, smallest first, and shall terminate in the type that is std::uintmax_t.

 

B::float_types

mpl::list<type-list>

A list of floating-point types that can be assigned to type B.The types shall be listed in order of size, smallest first, and shall terminate in type long double.

 

B::exponent_type

A signed integral type.

The type of the exponent of type B. This type is required only for floating-point types.

 

B()

Default constructor.

 

B(cb)

Copy Constructor.

 

b = b

B&

Assignment operator.

 

b = a

B&

Assignment from an Arithmetic type. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types.

 

b = s

B&

Assignment from a string.

Throws a std::runtime_error if the string could not be interpreted as a valid number.

b.swap(b)

void

Swaps the contents of its arguments.

noexcept

cb.str(ss, ff)

std::string

Returns the string representation of b with ss digits and formatted according to the flags set in ff. If ss is zero, then returns as many digits as are required to reconstruct the original value.

 

b.negate()

void

Negates b.

 

cb.compare(cb2)

int

Compares cb and cb2, returns a value less than zero if cb < cb2, a value greater than zero if cb > cb2 and zero if cb == cb2.

noexcept

cb.compare(a)

int

Compares cb and a, returns a value less than zero if cb < a, a value greater than zero if cb > a and zero if cb == a. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types.

 

eval_add(b, cb)

void

Adds cb to b.

 

eval_subtract(b, cb)

void

Subtracts cb from b.

 

eval_multiply(b, cb)

void

Multiplies b by cb.

 

eval_divide(b, cb)

void

Divides b by cb.

std::overflow_error if cb has the value zero, and std::numeric_limits<number<B> >::has_infinity == false

eval_modulus(b, cb)

void

Computes b %= cb, only required when B is an integer type.

std::overflow_error if cb has the value zero.

eval_bitwise_and(b, cb)

void

Computes b &= cb, only required when B is an integer type.

 

eval_bitwise_or(b, cb)

void

Computes b |= cb, only required when B is an integer type.

 

eval_bitwise_xor(b, cb)

void

Computes b ^= cb, only required when B is an integer type.

 

eval_complement(b, cb)

void

Computes the ones-complement of cb and stores the result in b, only required when B is an integer type.

 

eval_left_shift(b, ui)

void

Computes b <<= ui, only required when B is an integer type.

 

eval_right_shift(b, ui)

void

Computes b >>= ui, only required when B is an integer type.

 

eval_convert_to(pa, cb)

void

Converts cb to the type of *pa and store the result in *pa. Type B shall support conversion to at least types std::intmax_t, std::uintmax_t and long long. Conversion to other arithmetic types can then be synthesised using other operations. Conversions to other types are entirely optional.

 

eval_frexp(b, cb, pexp)

void

Stores values in b and *pexp such that the value of cb is b * 2*pexp, only required when B is a floating-point type.

 

eval_ldexp(b, cb, exp)

void

Stores a value in b that is cb * 2exp, only required when B is a floating-point type.

 

eval_frexp(b, cb, pi)

void

Stores values in b and *pi such that the value of cb is b * 2*pi, only required when B is a floating-point type.

std::runtime_error if the exponent of cb is too large to be stored in an int.

eval_ldexp(b, cb, i)

void

Stores a value in b that is cb * 2i, only required when B is a floating-point type.

 

eval_floor(b, cb)

void

Stores the floor of cb in b, only required when B is a floating-point type.

 

eval_ceil(b, cb)

void

Stores the ceiling of cb in b, only required when B is a floating-point type.

 

eval_sqrt(b, cb)

void

Stores the square root of cb in b, only required when B is a floating-point type.

 

boost::multiprecision::number_category<B>::type

mpl::int_<N>

N is one of the values number_kind_integer, number_kind_floating_point, number_kind_complex, number_kind_rational or number_kind_fixed_point. Defaults to number_kind_floating_point.

 

eval_conj(b, cb)

void

Sets b to the complex conjugate of cb. Required for complex types only - other types have a sensible default.

 

eval_proj(b, cb)

void

Sets b to the Riemann projection of cb. Required for complex types only - other types have a sensible default.

 

eval_real(b, cb)

void

Sets b to the real part of cb. Required for complex types only - other types have a sensible default.

 

eval_imag(b, cb)

void

Sets b to the imaginary of cb. Required for complex types only - other types have a sensible default.

 

eval_set_real(b, a)

void

Sets the real part of b to cb. Required for complex types only - other types have a sensible default.

 

eval_set_imag(b, a)

void

Sets the imaginary part of b to cb. Required for complex types only - other types have a sensible default.

 


Table 1.9. Optional Requirements on the Backend Type

Expression

Returns

Comments

Throws

Construct and assign:

   

B(rb)

B

Move constructor. Afterwards variable rb shall be in sane state, albeit with unspecified value. Only destruction and assignment to the moved-from variable rb need be supported after the operation.

noexcept

b = rb

B&

Move-assign. Afterwards variable rb shall be in sane state, albeit with unspecified value. Only destruction and assignment to the moved-from variable rb need be supported after the operation.

noexcept

B(a)

B

Direct construction from an arithmetic type. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, this operation is simulated using default-construction followed by assignment.

 

B(b2)

B

Copy constructor from a different back-end type. When not provided, a generic interconversion routine is used. This constructor may be explicit if the corresponding frontend constructor should also be explicit.

 

b = b2

b&

Assignment operator from a different back-end type. When not provided, a generic interconversion routine is used.

 

assign_components(b, a, a)

void

Assigns to b the two components in the following arguments. Only applies to rational and complex number types. When not provided, arithmetic operations are used to synthesise the result from the two values.

 

assign_components(b, b2, b2)

void

Assigns to b the two components in the following arguments. Only applies to rational and complex number types. When not provided, arithmetic operations are used to synthesise the result from the two values.

 

Comparisons:

   

eval_eq(cb, cb2)

bool

Returns true if cb and cb2 are equal in value. When not provided, the default implementation returns cb.compare(cb2) == 0.

noexcept

eval_eq(cb, a)

bool

Returns true if cb and a are equal in value. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, return the equivalent of eval_eq(cb, B(a)).

 

eval_eq(a, cb)

bool

Returns true if cb and a are equal in value. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, the default version returns eval_eq(cb, a).

 

eval_lt(cb, cb2)

bool

Returns true if cb is less than cb2 in value. When not provided, the default implementation returns cb.compare(cb2) < 0.

noexcept

eval_lt(cb, a)

bool

Returns true if cb is less than a in value. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, the default implementation returns eval_lt(cb, B(a)).

 

eval_lt(a, cb)

bool

Returns true if a is less than cb in value. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, the default implementation returns eval_gt(cb, a).

 

eval_gt(cb, cb2)

bool

Returns true if cb is greater than cb2 in value. When not provided, the default implementation returns cb.compare(cb2) > 0.

noexcept

eval_gt(cb, a)

bool

Returns true if cb is greater than a in value. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, the default implementation returns eval_gt(cb, B(a)).

 

eval_gt(a, cb)

bool

Returns true if a is greater than cb in value. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, the default implementation returns eval_lt(cb, a).

 

eval_is_zero(cb)

bool

Returns true if cb is zero, otherwise false. The default version of this function returns cb.compare(ui_type(0)) == 0, where ui_type is ui_type is typename mpl::front<typename B::unsigned_types>::type.

 

eval_get_sign(cb)

int

Returns a value < zero if cb is negative, a value > zero if cb is positive, and zero if cb is zero. The default version of this function returns cb.compare(ui_type(0)), where ui_type is ui_type is typename mpl::front<typename B::unsigned_types>::type.

 

Basic arithmetic:

   

eval_add(b, a)

void

Adds a to b. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, the default version calls eval_add(b, B(a))

 

eval_add(b, cb, cb2)

void

Add cb to cb2 and stores the result in b. When not provided, does the equivalent of b = cb; eval_add(b, cb2).

 

eval_add(b, cb, a)

void

Add cb to a and stores the result in b. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, does the equivalent of eval_add(b, cb, B(a)).

 

eval_add(b, a, cb)

void

Add a to cb and stores the result in b. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, does the equivalent of eval_add(b, cb, a).

 

eval_subtract(b, a)

void

Subtracts a from b. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, the default version calls eval_subtract(b, B(a))

 

eval_subtract(b, cb, cb2)

void

Subtracts cb2 from cb and stores the result in b. When not provided, does the equivalent of b = cb; eval_subtract(b, cb2).

 

eval_subtract(b, cb, a)

void

Subtracts a from cb and stores the result in b. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, does the equivalent of eval_subtract(b, cb, B(a)).

 

eval_subtract(b, a, cb)

void

Subtracts cb from a and stores the result in b. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, does the equivalent of eval_subtract(b, cb, a); b.negate();.

 

eval_multiply(b, a)

void

Multiplies b by a. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, the default version calls eval_multiply(b, B(a))

 

eval_multiply(b, cb, cb2)

void

Multiplies cb by cb2 and stores the result in b. When not provided, does the equivalent of b = cb; eval_multiply(b, cb2).

 

eval_multiply(b, cb, a)

void

Multiplies cb by a and stores the result in b. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, does the equivalent of eval_multiply(b, cb, B(a)).

 

eval_multiply(b, a, cb)

void

Multiplies a by cb and stores the result in b. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, does the equivalent of eval_multiply(b, cb, a).

 

eval_multiply_add(b, cb, cb2)

void

Multiplies cb by cb2 and adds the result to b. When not provided does the equivalent of creating a temporary B t and eval_multiply(t, cb, cb2) followed by eval_add(b, t).

 

eval_multiply_add(b, cb, a)

void

Multiplies a by cb and adds the result to b. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided does the equivalent of creating a temporary B t and eval_multiply(t, cb, a) followed by eval_add(b, t).

 

eval_multiply_add(b, a, cb)

void

Multiplies a by cb and adds the result to b. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided does the equivalent of eval_multiply_add(b, cb, a).

 

eval_multiply_subtract(b, cb, cb2)

void

Multiplies cb by cb2 and subtracts the result from b. When not provided does the equivalent of creating a temporary B t and eval_multiply(t, cb, cb2) followed by eval_subtract(b, t).

 

eval_multiply_subtract(b, cb, a)

void

Multiplies a by cb and subtracts the result from b. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided does the equivalent of creating a temporary B t and eval_multiply(t, cb, a) followed by eval_subtract(b, t).

 

eval_multiply_subtract(b, a, cb)

void

Multiplies a by cb and subtracts the result from b. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided does the equivalent of eval_multiply_subtract(b, cb, a).

 

eval_multiply_add(b, cb, cb2, cb3)

void

Multiplies cb by cb2 and adds the result to cb3 storing the result in b. When not provided does the equivalent of eval_multiply(b, cb, cb2) followed by eval_add(b, cb3). For brevity, only a version showing all arguments of type B is shown here, but you can replace up to any 2 of cb, cb2 and cb3 with any type listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types.

 

eval_multiply_subtract(b, cb, cb2, cb3)

void

Multiplies cb by cb2 and subtracts from the result cb3 storing the result in b. When not provided does the equivalent of eval_multiply(b, cb, cb2) followed by eval_subtract(b, cb3). For brevity, only a version showing all arguments of type B is shown here, but you can replace up to any 2 of cb, cb2 and cb3 with any type listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types.

 

eval_divide(b, a)

void

Divides b by a. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, the default version calls eval_divide(b, B(a))

std::overflow_error if a has the value zero, and std::numeric_limits<number<B> >::has_infinity == false

eval_divide(b, cb, cb2)

void

Divides cb by cb2 and stores the result in b. When not provided, does the equivalent of b = cb; eval_divide(b, cb2).

std::overflow_error if cb2 has the value zero, and std::numeric_limits<number<B> >::has_infinity == false

eval_divide(b, cb, a)

void

Divides cb by a and stores the result in b. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, does the equivalent of eval_divide(b, cb, B(a)).

std::overflow_error if a has the value zero, and std::numeric_limits<number<B> >::has_infinity == false

eval_divide(b, a, cb)

void

Divides a by cb and stores the result in b. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, does the equivalent of eval_divide(b, B(a), cb).

std::overflow_error if cb has the value zero, and std::numeric_limits<number<B> >::has_infinity == false

eval_increment(b)

void

Increments the value of b by one. When not provided, does the equivalent of eval_add(b, static_cast<ui_type>(1u)). Where ui_type is typename mpl::front<typename B::unsigned_types>::type.

 

eval_decrement(b)

void

Decrements the value of b by one. When not provided, does the equivalent of eval_subtract(b, static_cast<ui_type>(1u)). Where ui_type is typename mpl::front<typename B::unsigned_types>::type.

 

Integer specific operations:

   

eval_modulus(b, a)

void

Computes b %= cb, only required when B is an integer type. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, the default version calls eval_modulus(b, B(a))

std::overflow_error if a has the value zero.

eval_modulus(b, cb, cb2)

void

Computes cb % cb2 and stores the result in b, only required when B is an integer type. When not provided, does the equivalent of b = cb; eval_modulus(b, cb2).

std::overflow_error if a has the value zero.

eval_modulus(b, cb, a)

void

Computes cb % a and stores the result in b, only required when B is an integer type. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, does the equivalent of eval_modulus(b, cb, B(a)).

std::overflow_error if a has the value zero.

eval_modulus(b, a, cb)

void

Computes cb % a and stores the result in b, only required when B is an integer type. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, does the equivalent of eval_modulus(b, B(a), cb).

std::overflow_error if a has the value zero.

eval_bitwise_and(b, a)

void

Computes b &= cb, only required when B is an integer type. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, the default version calls eval_bitwise_and(b, B(a))

 

eval_bitwise_and(b, cb, cb2)

void

Computes cb & cb2 and stores the result in b, only required when B is an integer type. When not provided, does the equivalent of b = cb; eval_bitwise_and(b, cb2).

 

eval_bitwise_and(b, cb, a)

void

Computes cb & a and stores the result in b, only required when B is an integer type. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, does the equivalent of eval_bitwise_and(b, cb, B(a)).

 

eval_bitwise_and(b, a, cb)

void

Computes cb & a and stores the result in b, only required when B is an integer type. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, does the equivalent of eval_bitwise_and(b, cb, a).

 

eval_bitwise_or(b, a)

void

Computes b |= cb, only required when B is an integer type. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, the default version calls eval_bitwise_or(b, B(a))

 

eval_bitwise_or(b, cb, cb2)

void

Computes cb | cb2 and stores the result in b, only required when B is an integer type. When not provided, does the equivalent of b = cb; eval_bitwise_or(b, cb2).

 

eval_bitwise_or(b, cb, a)

void

Computes cb | a and stores the result in b, only required when B is an integer type. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, does the equivalent of eval_bitwise_or(b, cb, B(a)).

 

eval_bitwise_or(b, a, cb)

void

Computes cb | a and stores the result in b, only required when B is an integer type. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, does the equivalent of eval_bitwise_or(b, cb, a).

 

eval_bitwise_xor(b, a)

void

Computes b ^= cb, only required when B is an integer type. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, the default version calls eval_bitwise_xor(b, B(a))

 

eval_bitwise_xor(b, cb, cb2)

void

Computes cb ^ cb2 and stores the result in b, only required when B is an integer type. When not provided, does the equivalent of b = cb; eval_bitwise_xor(b, cb2).

 

eval_bitwise_xor(b, cb, a)

void

Computes cb ^ a and stores the result in b, only required when B is an integer type. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, does the equivalent of eval_bitwise_xor(b, cb, B(a)).

 

eval_bitwise_xor(b, a, cb)

void

Computes a ^ cb and stores the result in b, only required when B is an integer type. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. When not provided, does the equivalent of eval_bitwise_xor(b, cb, a).

 

eval_left_shift(b, cb, ui)

void

Computes cb << ui and stores the result in b, only required when B is an integer type. When not provided, does the equivalent of b = cb; eval_left_shift(b, a);.

 

eval_right_shift(b, cb, ui)

void

Computes cb >> ui and stores the result in b, only required when B is an integer type. When not provided, does the equivalent of b = cb; eval_right_shift(b, a);.

 

eval_qr(cb, cb2, b, b2)

void

Sets b to the result of cb / cb2 and b2 to the result of cb % cb2. Only required when B is an integer type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

std::overflow_error if a has the value zero.

eval_integer_modulus(cb, ui)

unsigned

Returns the result of cb % ui. Only required when B is an integer type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

std::overflow_error if a has the value zero.

eval_lsb(cb)

unsigned

Returns the index of the least significant bit that is set. Only required when B is an integer type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_msb(cb)

unsigned

Returns the index of the most significant bit that is set. Only required when B is an integer type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_bit_test(cb, ui)

bool

Returns true if cb has bit ui set. Only required when B is an integer type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_bit_set(b, ui)

void

Sets the bit at index ui in b. Only required when B is an integer type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_bit_unset(b, ui)

void

Unsets the bit at index ui in b. Only required when B is an integer type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_bit_flip(b, ui)

void

Flips the bit at index ui in b. Only required when B is an integer type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_gcd(b, cb, cb2)

void

Sets b to the greatest common divisor of cb and cb2. Only required when B is an integer type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_lcm(b, cb, cb2)

void

Sets b to the least common multiple of cb and cb2. Only required when B is an integer type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_gcd(b, cb, a)

void

Sets b to the greatest common divisor of cb and cb2. Only required when B is an integer type. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. The default version of this function calls eval_gcd(b, cb, B(a)).

 

eval_lcm(b, cb, a)

void

Sets b to the least common multiple of cb and cb2. Only required when B is an integer type. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. The default version of this function calls eval_lcm(b, cb, B(a)).

 

eval_gcd(b, a, cb)

void

Sets b to the greatest common divisor of cb and a. Only required when B is an integer type. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. The default version of this function calls eval_gcd(b, cb, a).

 

eval_lcm(b, a, cb)

void

Sets b to the least common multiple of cb and a. Only required when B is an integer type. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types or B::float_types. The default version of this function calls eval_lcm(b, cb, a).

 

eval_powm(b, cb, cb2, cb3)

void

Sets b to the result of (cb^cb2)%cb3. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_powm(b, cb, cb2, a)

void

Sets b to the result of (cb^cb2)%a. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_powm(b, cb, a, cb2)

void

Sets b to the result of (cb^a)%cb2. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_powm(b, cb, a, a2)

void

Sets b to the result of (cb^a)%a2. The type of a shall be listed in one of the type lists B::signed_types, B::unsigned_types. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_integer_sqrt(b, cb, b2)

void

Sets b to the largest integer which when squared is less than cb, also sets b2 to the remainder, ie to cb - b2. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

Sign manipulation:

   

eval_abs(b, cb)

void

Set b to the absolute value of cb. The default version of this functions assigns cb to b, and then calls b.negate() if eval_get_sign(cb) < 0.

 

eval_fabs(b, cb)

void

Set b to the absolute value of cb. The default version of this functions assigns cb to b, and then calls b.negate() if eval_get_sign(cb) < 0.

 

floating-point functions:

   

eval_fpclassify(cb)

int

Returns one of the same values returned by std::fpclassify. Only required when B is an floating-point type. The default version of this function will only test for zero cb.

 

eval_trunc(b, cb)

void

Performs the equivalent operation to std::trunc on argument cb and stores the result in b. Only required when B is an floating-point type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_round(b, cb)

void

Performs the equivalent operation to std::round on argument cb and stores the result in b. Only required when B is an floating-point type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_exp(b, cb)

void

Performs the equivalent operation to std::exp on argument cb and stores the result in b. Only required when B is an floating-point type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_exp2(b, cb)

void

Performs the equivalent operation to std::exp2 on argument cb and stores the result in b. Only required when B is an floating-point type. The default version of this function is implemented in terms of eval_pow.

 

eval_log(b, cb)

void

Performs the equivalent operation to std::log on argument cb and stores the result in b. Only required when B is an floating-point type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_log10(b, cb)

void

Performs the equivalent operation to std::log10 on argument cb and stores the result in b. Only required when B is an floating-point type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_sin(b, cb)

void

Performs the equivalent operation to std::sin on argument cb and stores the result in b. Only required when B is an floating-point type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_cos(b, cb)

void

Performs the equivalent operation to std::cos on argument cb and stores the result in b. Only required when B is an floating-point type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_tan(b, cb)

void

Performs the equivalent operation to std::exp on argument cb and stores the result in b. Only required when B is an floating-point type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_asin(b, cb)

void

Performs the equivalent operation to std::asin on argument cb and stores the result in b. Only required when B is an floating-point type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_acos(b, cb)

void

Performs the equivalent operation to std::acos on argument cb and stores the result in b. Only required when B is an floating-point type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_atan(b, cb)

void

Performs the equivalent operation to std::atan on argument cb and stores the result in b. Only required when B is an floating-point type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_sinh(b, cb)

void

Performs the equivalent operation to std::sinh on argument cb and stores the result in b. Only required when B is an floating-point type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_cosh(b, cb)

void

Performs the equivalent operation to std::cosh on argument cb and stores the result in b. Only required when B is an floating-point type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_tanh(b, cb)

void

Performs the equivalent operation to std::tanh on argument cb and stores the result in b. Only required when B is an floating-point type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_fmod(b, cb, cb2)

void

Performs the equivalent operation to std::fmod on arguments cb and cb2, and store the result in b. Only required when B is an floating-point type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_modf(b, cb, pb)

void

Performs the equivalent operation to std::modf on argument cb, and store the integer result in *pb and the fractional part in b. Only required when B is an floating-point type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_pow(b, cb, cb2)

void

Performs the equivalent operation to std::pow on arguments cb and cb2, and store the result in b. Only required when B is an floating-point type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_atan2(b, cb, cb2)

void

Performs the equivalent operation to std::atan on arguments cb and cb2, and store the result in b. Only required when B is an floating-point type. The default version of this function is synthesised from other operations above.

 

eval_scalbn(b, cb, e)

void

Scales value cb by re, where r is the radix of the type. The default version of this function is implemented in terms of eval_ldexp, consequently this function must be provided for types with a radix other than 2.

eval_scalbln(b, cb, e)

void

Calls eval_scalbn(b, cb, e).

eval_ilogb(cb)

B::exponent_type

Returns the exponent e of value cb such that 1 <= cb*r-e < r, where r is the radix of type B. The default version of this function is implemented in terms of eval_frexp, consequently this function must be provided for types with a radix other than 2.

eval_remquo(b, cb, cb2, pi)

void

Sets b = cb - n * cb2 and stores n in *pi.

eval_remquo(b, cb, a, pi)

void

Default version converts a to type B and calls the overload above.

eval_remquo(b, a, cb, pi)

void

Default version converts a to type B and calls the overload above.

eval_remainder(b, cb, cb2)

void

Default version calls eval_remquo with a dummy final argument.

eval_remainder(b, cb, a)

void

Default version calls eval_remquo with a dummy final argument.

eval_remainder(b, a, cb)

void

Default version calls eval_remquo with a dummy final argument.

eval_fdim(b, cb, cb2)

void

Default version sets b = cb - cb2 if cb > cb2 and zero otherwise. Special cases are handled as in the C99 annex.

eval_fdim(b, cb, a)

void

Default version sets b = cb - cb2 if cb > cb2 and zero otherwise. Special cases are handled as in the C99 annex.

eval_fdim(b, a, cb)

void

Default version sets b = cb - cb2 if cb > cb2 and zero otherwise. Special cases are handled as in the C99 annex.

eval_fmax(b, cb, cb2)

void

Sets b to the larger of cb and cb2.

eval_fmax(b, cb, a)

void

Sets b to the larger of cb and a.

eval_fmax(b, a, cb)

void

Sets b to the larger of cb and a.

eval_fmin(b, cb, cb2)

void

Sets b to the smaller of cb and cb2.

eval_fmin(b, cb, a)

void

Sets b to the smaller of cb and a.

eval_fmin(b, a, cb)

void

Sets b to the smaller of cb and a.

eval_hypot(b, cb, cb2)

void

Sets b to the square root of the sum of the squares of cb and cb2 without undue over or under flow.

eval_hypot(b, cb, a)

void

As above.

eval_hypot(b, a, cb)

void

As above.

eval_logb(b, cb)

B::exponent_type

Sets b to the exponent e of value cb such that 1 <= cb*r-b < r, where r is the radix of type B. The default version of this function is implemented in terms of eval_ilogb.

eval_nearbyint(b, cb)

void

Calls eval_round(b, cb).

eval_rint(b, cb)

void

Calls eval_nearbyint(b, cb).

eval_log2(b, cb)

void

Sets b to the logarithm base 2 of cb.

hashing:

   

hash_value(cb)

std::size_t

Returns a hash value for the argument that is suitable for use with std::hash etc. If not provided then no automatic hashing support will be available for the number type.


When the tables above place no throws requirements on an operation, then it is up to each type modelling this concept to decide when or whether throwing an exception is desirable. However, thrown exceptions should always either be the type, or inherit from the type std::runtime_error. For example, a floating-point type might choose to throw std::overflow_error whenever the result of an operation would be infinite, and std::underflow_error whenever it would round to zero.

[Note] Note

The non-member functions are all named with an "eval_" prefix to avoid conflicts with template classes of the same name - in point of fact this naming convention shouldn't be necessary, but rather works around some compiler bugs.

Overloadable Functions

Some of the C99 math functions do not have eval_ functions but must be overloaded directly: these functions are either trivial or are forwarded to the Boost.Math implementations by default. The full list of these functions is:

int           sign       (const number-or-expression-template-type&);
int           signbit    (const number-or-expression-template-type&);
number        changesign (const number-or-expression-template-type&);
number        copysign   (const number-or-expression-template-type&, const number-or-expression-template-type&);
number        asinh      (const number-or-expression-template-type&);
number        acosh      (const number-or-expression-template-type&);
number        atanh      (const number-or-expression-template-type&);
number        cbrt       (const number-or-expression-template-type&);
number        erf        (const number-or-expression-template-type&);
number        erfc       (const number-or-expression-template-type&);
number        expm1      (const number-or-expression-template-type&);
number        log1p      (const number-or-expression-template-type&);
number        tgamma     (const number-or-expression-template-type&);
number        lgamma     (const number-or-expression-template-type&);
long          lrint      (const number-or-expression-template-type&);
long long     llrint     (const number-or-expression-template-type&);
number        nextafter  (const number-or-expression-template-type&, const number-or-expression-template-type&);
number        nexttoward (const number-or-expression-template-type&, const number-or-expression-template-type&);

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